The prototype of Neurology Institute of Medical School of Jiaotong University was Neurology Laboratory and in 2002 it was promoted upon approval as Neurology Institute of Shanghai Second Medical University, which was renamed in 2004 as Neurology Institute of Medical School of Jiaotong University. The present directors of the Institute Prof. Chen Shengdi, Prof. Le Weidong and Prof. Shen Jiankang are all our country’s famous neurologists enjoying very high prestige both at home and abroad. At present our Institute owns 6 persons with senior academic titles, among whom are 3 directors of Ph.D students and 3 directors of master students and 16 Ph.D. It has Research Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Immunology, Laboratory of Pathology, Section of Cellular Culture and Section of Animal Experiment. Now it has such high-class instruments as HPLC, gel imaging system and fluorescent inverted microscopes with an area of over 800m2 for experiments. Among other things the basic and clinical research work of neuropathy is taken care of by Prof. Chen Shengdi and Prof. Le Weidong esp. with clinical and basic research of such neurodegenerative diseases as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s dementia at the leading level at home and advanced level internationally while the research work of neurosurgical diseases is taken care of by Prof. Shen Jiankang. Research Section of Epidemiology is taken care of by Prof. Cheng Qi who has long been engaged in research of clinical epidemiology, using this network to carry out epidemiologic investigation of neuropathy, obtaining larger groups of people and more abundant clinical data and providing important guarantee for prevention and treatment of neuropathy. Since its establishment the Neurology Institute has undertaken many major scientific research tasks both at home and abroad including such projects of NIHRO1 and State 973 and State Natural Scientific Fund with obtained total fund for scientific research of 2.5 million U.S. dollars and nearly RMB 10 million yuan. In a short period of a few years it has won 7 prizes at State and regional levels including a 1st prize and 5 3rd prizes. It has published over 100 papers at home and abroad and part of its research fruits have been published in multiple journals such as “FEBS Lett”, “J Neruosci Res”, “Mech Ageing Dev”, “Neuroreport”, “Neurochem Res” and “Parkinsonism Relat Disord” and as far as the year of 2005 was concerned there were 9 papers published in SCI and 3 monograph and textbooks published. This Institute has now become an important base for training senior physicians and surgeons of neurology. It has held multiple sessions of study classes for continuing education nationwide and multiple sessions of classes for advanced studies of doctors of neurology, making considerable contributions to the enhancement of vocational level of doctors for advanced studies of internal and surgical neurology nationwide. In respect of actual clinical application the Institute has formed a set of reasonable, complete therapeutic formulas suited to Parkinson diseases and Alzheimer’s dementia of the Chinese population, which has been relatively largely acknowledged, popularized and applied nationwide, making contributions to improvement of the victims’ symptoms, enhancement of their quality of life, lowering medical input and lessening social burden and now has become one of the important research bases for senile neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson disease and Alzheimer’s dementia).